Magnesium gluconate

Oral
Dietary supplement

Risk of hypermagnesaemia in patients with renal impairment. Caution in myasthenia gravis. Take with food to reduce incidence of diarrhoea.

Gastrointestinal irritation, diarrhoea.

Hypermagnesaemia following oral admin is uncommon except in patients with renal impairment. Symptoms of hypermagnesaemia: Respiratory depression and loss of deep tendon reflexes due to neuromuscular blockade; nausea, vomiting, flushing, hypotension, drowsiness, bradycardia and muscle weakness. Treatment: In patients with normal renal function, IV fluids or furosemide may be given to promote Magnesium excretion. In patients with symptomatic hypermagnesaemia, slow IV inj of calcium gluconate can be used to antagonise the cardiac and neuromuscular effects of Magnesium.

Oral magnesium salts may decrease absorption of bisphosphonates, quinolone antibiotics and tetracycline derivatives; admin should be separated apart if concomitant use is required. Magnesium-containing products may reduce absorption of eltrombopag by 70%; separate admin by at least 4 hr. Calcitriol may increase serum concentrations of Magnesium salts. Magnesium salts may decrease serum concentrations of mycophenolate if used concurrently; monitor for reduced effects of mycophenolate. Concomitant use of trientine and magnesium salt may reduce serum concentrations of both agents.

Description: Magnesium is essential to many enzymatic reactions in the body, acting as a cofactor in protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. 17.1 g of Magnesium Gluconate (anhydrous) is equivalent to about 1 g of magnesium. Each g of Magnesium Gluconate (anhydrous) represents about 2.4 mmol of magnesium.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Oral: About one-third is absorbed from the small intestine. The fraction of magnesium absorbed is inversely proportional to amount ingested.
Distribution: Plasma protein binding: About 25-30%. Magnesium crosses the placenta.
Excretion: Oral: Via urine (absorbed fraction); faeces (unabsorbed fraction).

Electrolytes